Figure 1. Overview of C1 & C2 feedstock generation routes and thermodynamic landscape of key carbon substrates for microbial waste valorisation. 10.3389/fbioe.2022.874612

Figure 2. Overview of the bioeconomy using C1 and C2 feedstocks — connecting renewable carbon sources to high-value bioproducts through microbial biotransformation. 10.3389/fbioe.2022.874612

Figure 3. Autotrophic biosynthesis pathways — engineering microbes to fix CO₂ and other one-carbon feedstocks into value-added chemicals. 10.3389/fbioe.2022.874612

Figure 4. Multidimensional heuristic process (MHP) — a systematic strategy for high-yield co-production of astaxanthin and fragrance molecules in E. coli. 10.1038/s41467-018-04211-x

Figure 5. Biosynthetic landscape of carotenoids and apocarotenoids — from lycopene to astaxanthin, zeaxanthin, and fragrance ionones via engineered microbial pathways. 10.5772/intechopen.79061

Figure 6. Modular biosynthetic pathway for producing apocarotenoid flavour & fragrance molecules (α-ionone, β-ionone) and nutraceutical retinol from glucose via lycopene. 10.1002/bit.26462

Figure 7. Biosynthetic pathway for high-yield production of trans-nerolidol, a woody/floral fragrance compound, from sugar and glycerol feedstocks in engineered E. coli. 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01161

Figure 8. Diterpene biosynthetic pathways — engineering microbial hosts to produce high-value diterpenoid natural products from renewable carbon sources. 10.1016/j.engmic.2022.100058

Figure 9. Arabinose-Inducible Univariant Control System (AUCS) — a precision gene expression tool for tunable microbial production of proteins, enzymes, and metabolites. 10.1021/acssynbio.5c00602